Search the California Content Standards

Standard:
Combine clauses in a wide variety of ways (e.g., creating compound and complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences) to make connections between and join ideas, for example, to show the relationship between multiple events or ideas (e.g., After eating lunch, the students worked in groups while their teacher walked around the room) or to evaluate an argument (e.g., The author claims X, although there is a lack of evidence to support this claim).

Standard:
Combine clauses in a few basic ways to make connections between and join ideas (e.g., creating compound sentences using and, but, so; creating complex sentences using because).

Standard:
Justify opinions or persuade others by making connections and distinctions between ideas and texts and articulating sufficient, detailed, and relevant textual evidence or background knowledge, using appropriate register.

Standard:
Justify opinions by articulating some relevant textual evidence or background knowledge, with visual support.

Standard:
Express attitude and opinions or temper statements with nuanced modal expressions (e.g., possibly/ potentially/ certainly/absolutely, should/might).

Standard:
Express attitude and opinions or temper statements with familiar modal expressions (e.g., can, may).

Standard:
Explain how a writer’s or speaker’s choice of a variety of different types of phrasing or words (e.g., hyperbole, varying connotations, the cumulative impact of word choices) produces nuances and different effects on the audience.

Standard:
Explain how a writer’s or speaker’s choice of phrasing or specific words (e.g., describing a character or action as aggressive versus bold) produces nuances and different effects on the audience.

Standard:
Use a variety of verbs in different tenses (e.g., past, present, future, simple, progressive, perfect), and mood (e.g., subjunctive) appropriate to the text type and discipline to create a variety of texts that describe concrete and abstract ideas, explain procedures and sequences, summarize texts and ideas, and present and critique points of view.

Standard:
Use a variety of verbs in different tenses (e.g., past, present, future, simple, progressive) appropriate to the text type and discipline to create short texts on familiar academic topics.